In addition, baseline striatal GABA concentrations were negatively correlated with withdrawal symptoms on abstinence day 7 (r = −0.680, p = 0.003). Striatal glutamate + glutamine (Glx) group concentrations were elevated in cannabis users at baseline and abstinence days 7 and 21 (F = 7.16, p = 0.012), and changes in GABA concentration and withdrawal symptoms between baseline and abstinence day 7 were positively correlated (r = 0.550, p = 0.010). Cannabis users reported increased self-reported ratings of cannabis-withdrawal-symptoms on abstinence day 7 relative to controls.
Striatal GABA and glutamine concentrations were measured at baseline and on abstinence days 7 and 21 in conjunction with measures of cannabis withdrawal symptoms and mood state. Twenty users (8F/12M) and ten control (5F/5M) participants completed a verified 21-day abstinence period. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to detect the associated changes of these neurochemicals in twenty-six frequent, recreational cannabis users and eleven age-matched non-using controls. We hypothesize that cannabis withdrawal may be associated with a reset of regional γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate concentrations secondary to changes in the endocannabinoid system during abstinence and conducted a study on this issue. We explore various strategies, including prevention programs for education about marijuana, and make recommendations for health educators.Ĭannabis withdrawal symptoms contribute to relapse, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. A “Reefer Madness” type educational approach no longer works (if it ever did). Increased legal access to marijuana also has implications for educational programming. A review of results from national survey data, including CDC’s YRBS, Monitoring the Future, and the National Household Survey on Drug Use, allows us to document changes in marijuana use over time. While there are documented benefits of marijuana use for certain medical conditions, we know that marijuana use by young people can interfere with brain development, so increased marijuana use by adolescents raises legitimate health concerns.
One of the concerns regarding the enactment of legislation that has increased access to marijuana is the possibility of increased adolescent use of marijuana. There are 17 states, two territories and the District of Columbia that have also passed recreational marijuana laws. In spite of this federal legislation, as of 1 June 2021, 36 states, four territories and the District of Columbia have enacted medical marijuana laws. Under federal law, use of marijuana remains illegal. This article examines the relaxation of state marijuana laws, changes in adolescent use of marijuana, and implications for drug education.
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